ls
Lists files and directories in the current directory. Example: ls -l to show detailed information.
cd
Changes the current working directory. Example: cd /home/user/Documents
to change to the Documents directory.
pwd
Prints the current working directory. Example: pwd
to print the current directory.
mkdir
Creates a new directory. Example: mkdir new_directory
to create a directory named new_directory.
rm
Removes files or directories. Example: rm file.txt
to remove a file named file.txt.
cp
Copies files or directories. Example: cp file.txt /home/user/Documents
to copy the file file.txt to the Documents directory.
mv
Moves or renames files or directories. Example: mv file.txt new_file.txt
to rename the file file.txt to new_file.txt.
touch
Creates a new empty file. Example: touch file.txt
to create a file named file.txt.
cat
Prints the contents of a file to the console. Example: cat file.txt
to display the contents of file.txt.
grep
Searches for a pattern in a file. Example: grep "hello" file.txt
to search for the word “hello” in the file file.txt.
tar
Creates or extracts compressed archives. Example: tar -cvf archive.tar
directory to create an archive of a directory.
wget
Downloads files from the internet. Example: wget https://example.com/file.txt
to download a file named file.txt from the website example.com.
top
Shows system processes and their resource usage. Example: top
to show the top processes using system resources.
ps
Shows the currently running processes. Example: ps aux
to show all running processes on the system.
kill
Sends a signal to terminate a process. Example: kill 1234
to send a termination signal to the process with ID 1234.
chmod
Changes the permissions of a file or directory. Example: chmod 755 file.txt
to give read, write, and execute permissions to the owner and read and execute permissions to others.
chown
Changes the owner and group of a file or directory. Example: chown user:group file.txt
to change the owner to user and the group to group for the file file.txt.
ssh
Connects to a remote server using Secure Shell protocol. Example: ssh user@remote_server
to connect to a remote server with the username user.
scp
Copies files between two systems over SSH. Example: scp file.txt user@remote_server:/home/user/Documents
to copy the file file.txt to the Documents directory on a remote server.
ifconfig
Shows network interface information. Example: ifconfig
to show information about all network interfaces on the system.